Question

In 1900, the United States advocated the Open-Door Policy because A) it wanted to acquire several different territories in China. B) it worried that European powers would grow foreign trade with China. C) it worried that European powers would limit foreign trade with China. D) it worried that European powers would limit religious freedom in China.

Answer 1

Open Door Policy of Secretary John Hay aims to keep China a free trade country with equal trade opportunities between countries. At that time, the European country has colonized nearby Hongkong. Thus, the answer is letter C. Open Door policy had kept European Power to limit foreign trade with China.

Answer 2

C. It worried that European powers would limit foreign trade with China.

Further Explanation:

The Open-Door Policy was an international initiative organized by the U.S. which had several purposes, but mainly wanted to protect the sovereign and territorial integrity of China, and wanted to protect equal privileges among countries trading with China. All countries that wanted to trade with China would have equal access to Chinese ports mentioned in the Anglo- Chinese treaties of Nanking, and Wanghia. However, the growing trend of colonization among the European nations led to the scramble for spheres of influence within the Chinese territory by France, Britain, England, Japan, and Russia. They demanded exclusive control and privileges within their respective spheres, and this led to a fear that trade within these spheres would be heavily monopolized and controlled, now that the British had taken control of Hong Kong. This policy was enacted so that the territorial integrity of the Chinese would be preserved, and the country would not fall into European political domination.

Further Explanation-

The Open-Door Policy has been extensively studied by historians to understand the real motives behind it and to situate it within a colonial framework. The wave of colonialism reached United States, who was engaged in colonial expansion in the Pacific Islands. The US had gathered Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico, and was interested in expanding her influence to East and South East Asia. China was a favourable option, as her territories provided a cheap source of cotton goods, viable for the booming American textile industry. The Open Door Policy stated that at least one Chinese port would have to be open for trade, to all the Powers within the Anglo- Chinese treaty, only the Chinese government would have the option to levy taxes, if any, and the Powers having their sphere of economic influence within Chinese territory would have to pay harbour and railroad charges. The presence of European armies in China to help crush the Boxer rebellion threatened its territorial integrity, and thus the need to protect its sovereignty. Japan, however, was the only country to violate the postulates of the Open-Door Policy, and in response, all other Powers imposed an embargo on essential exports to Japan, notably oil and scrap metal, which incited Japan to join the Second World War against the U.S.

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Answer Details-

Grade- High School

Chapter- U.S. Policies in Asia.

Subject- History.

Keywords-

Territorial sovereignty, integrity, trade agreements, taxes, Boxer rebellion, colonialism, embargo.