Answer:
C
Explanation:
T-cells play a crucial role in protecting us from pathogens like the one that causes Lyme disease. Here are the correct answers to the questions:
1. How do T-cells work to protect us from pathogens like the one that causes Lyme disease?
A. T-cells recognize and destroy pathogens (1).
T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the adaptive immune response. They have receptors on their surface that can recognize specific antigens presented by infected cells or antigen-presenting cells. When T-cells encounter a pathogen, such as the one that causes Lyme disease, they can become activated and initiate various immune responses. This includes the direct killing of infected cells and the production of signaling molecules that help coordinate the immune response.
2. Why is it beneficial for a pathogen to make its host very sick without killing the host?
D. Supports pathogen survival (2).
Pathogens may benefit from making their host sick without killing them because it allows them to continue to replicate and spread to new hosts. By causing symptoms such as fever, cough, or inflammation, the pathogen can disrupt the host's normal physiological functions, potentially aiding its own survival and transmission. Additionally, by not killing the host too quickly, the pathogen can ensure its own persistence and spread before the host's immune system eliminates it.
3. If these patients were treated with antibiotics, what clue would this have given doctors about the disease's pathogen?
C. Antibiotic effectiveness (3).
If patients with Lyme disease were treated with antibiotics and their symptoms improved or resolved, it would indicate that the disease is caused by a bacterium susceptible to the prescribed antibiotics. The response to antibiotics provides valuable information about the nature of the pathogen and helps guide appropriate treatment strategies.
4. Explain why the immune system can combat pathogens encountered before.
D. Memory (4).
The immune system has a memory component that allows it to recognize and respond more effectively to pathogens encountered before. When the immune system encounters a pathogen for the first time, it mounts an immune response that can eliminate the pathogen. However, during this initial response, specialized immune cells, called memory cells, are generated. These memory cells "remember" the specific pathogen and enable a faster and stronger immune response upon subsequent encounters with the same pathogen. This memory response is the basis for immunological protection against reinfection.
5. Using your knowledge of non-specific defenses, how could someone prevent Lyme disease?
C. Personal hygiene (5).
Lyme disease is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. Therefore, taking measures to prevent tick bites is crucial in preventing Lyme disease. This includes personal hygiene practices such as wearing protective clothing (e.g., long sleeves, pants), using tick repellents, performing thorough tick checks after being in tick-prone areas, and promptly removing any attached ticks to minimize the risk of transmission.
So, the correct answer is:
C. (1) T-cells recognize and destroy pathogens, (2) Facilitates transmission, (3) Antibiotic effectiveness, (4) Reinfection risk, (5) Personal hygiene.
