Which of the following was the central issue in the debate over implied powers?
A. the War Powers Resolution
B. the commerce power
C. the necessary and proper clause
D. the state of Maryland

The Supreme Court's decision in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland most closely lined up with the position of which of the following?
A. Alexander Hamilton
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. the Antifederalists
D. the strict constructionists