Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when members of a group strive to reach consensus to the point of ignoring any dissent or alternatives in the decision-making process.
This phenomenon can lead to poor decision-making and can have serious consequences for any organization. A classic example of groupthink occurring is the Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961, in which the United States government failed to consider alternatives to an ill-conceived plan to overthrow Fidel Castro’s Cuban government.
The most common factors leading to groupthink are a lack of diversity, a desire to maintain group harmony and a shared belief in the group’s invincibility. When a group has a homogenous set of members, they are more likely to agree with one another and accept the same ideas without question. As the desire for harmony increases, members of the group become more reluctant to disagree or challenge one another. Lastly, a shared belief that the group can do no wrong can lead to a false sense of security and lead the group to make decisions without considering the potential risks.
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