New technologies contributed to shifting social and political patterns in Europe.
Social structure has changed as a result of organisational and technological advances. In western Europe, an identifiable peasantry persisted, although it was progressively forced to adopt new practises. A large number of peasants started to advance in education, accept innovations like new crops, better seeds, and fertilisers, and learn how to influence political systems to advance their agricultural interests.
The working classes grew in size in the cities, and although they were still there, the lines between industrial workers and artisans started to blur. As retail establishments multiplied and managerial bureaucracies grew, a new urban class of workers was required. A lower middle class was a significant contributor to European politics and society.
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