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Use Pauling's rules to arrange the compounds according to their relative acidities in the box below. Assume that the acids are in a non leveling solvent. Strongest Acid - Lowest Acid -- HNO2 -- H2SO4 -- HClO3 -- HClO4.
Hydrogen fluoride and antimony pentafluoride are the two least complex cations and anions in fluoroantimonic acid is the strongest acid, while H 2F+ and SbF are the most complex. The Hammett function shows that this material is a superacid, which can be over a billion times stronger than perfectly pure sulfuric acid in terms of its protonating capability. It even protonates certain hydrocarbons to enable pentacoordinate carbocations (carbonium ions). Fluoroantimonic acid is corrosive. For example, it cannot be stored directly in carboys due to its effect on glass, but it can be in PTFE-lined containers (Teflon). Fluorantimonic acid is the strongest superacid based on the measured value of its Hammett acidity function (H0), which has been established for various HF:SbF5 ratios. The H0 of pure HF is 15, but just 1 mol% of SbF5 increases it to a value closer to 20. The returns, however, rapidly decline as more SbF5 is added, with the H0 only reaching 21 at 10 mol%. The use of an extremely weak base as an indication shows that the lowest H0 that can be obtaine.
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