In directional selection, selection is made against one extreme of the trait distribution. The distribution of traits in the population swings to the other extreme as a result. The population graph's mean shifts in the case of such selection.
The "heavy lifting" of evolution is done by directional selection, which tends to move the trait mean in the direction of the environmental optimum. Increased adaptability of organisms is the result. It is the fundamental mechanism that Charles Darwin himself thought would drive adaptive evolution.
When a population is subjected to directional selection over time, the qualities that are selected for will remain stable while the traits that are selected against will disappear. Evolution is the term used to describe this population change over time.
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