When a neurotransmitter binds a protein channel it opens and lets sodium diffuse down its concentration gradient this is an example of chemically gated sodium channel.
Synaptic vesicles at the nerve ending fuse with the membrane as a result of the Ca2+ ions present in the cell, releasing neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters then attach to a receptor on the plasma membrane of the responsive cell. It is a ligand-gated channel for this receptor (also called a chemically-gated channel).
The channel opens as soon as the neurotransmitter ligand binds. The biological response, in this case, muscular contraction, is caused by the fast diffusion of sodium into the cell, which results in an action potential. We've already seen how the sodium/potassium pump helps to restore the cellular Na+/K+ equilibrium and how K+ channels help to restore membrane potential following an action potential.
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