Key difference between the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide in a calorimeter and the biological oxidation of glucose in the human body is that the living organism captures some of the energy as chemical energy.
Complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose results in the production of the equivalent of 38 molecules of ATP. This results in the production of 38 molecules of water, because formation of the phosphodiester bond between ADP and inorganic phosphate involves the splitting off of a molecule of water. Oxidation of glucose in a calorimeter is completely inefficient. The products of oxidation are carbon dioxide and water, and all of the energy produced is released as heat.
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