Why are the exact timing and nature of anagenesis and cladogenesis difficult to infer from the fossil record?

There are gaps in the fossil record because it is difficult to achieve the conditions needed for fossilization.
In comparison to species in other habitats, creatures that dwell where sediment is actively being deposited (such as beaches and wetlands) are more likely to become fossilized.
Some organisms are more likely to decompose slowly and leave fossils behind, such as those with hard features like bones or shells.

One taxon replaces another without branching in a single lineage as a result of evolutionary change is known as anagenesis.

The process by which a higher taxon or new group of animals emerges through evolutionary divergence like branching from an ancestor is known as cladogenesis.

Paleontologists, archaeologists, and geologists use the fossil record to put significant occurrences and species in the right geologic epoch.
It is based on the Law of Superposition, according to which the lower layers of undisturbed rock sequences are older than the upper levels.
The preserved remnants or traces of extinct animals, plants, and other species are known as fossils.
This is because they demonstrate that earlier life on Earth was distinct from the species present now, fossils are crucial pieces of evidence for evolution.

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