The technological development that led to fortification engineering being an extremely valuable design specialty in early modern Europe was the Canon.
The canon made warfare much more destructive both on land and at sea. On land, the canon was able to blast through tens of soldiers and make cavalry charges very dangerous because canons could rip soldiers apart as they charged enemy lines.
Forts that could withstand sieges in the past could not be broken down with the blast of several canons.
On sea, ships were ripped apart by other ships which had canons on them. Canons therefore made armies victorious while inflicting heavy losses on the opposing army.
To counter canons, strong fortifications were needed to withstand bombardment which meant that fortification engineering became very important for protection in warfare.
In conclusion, the development was the canon.
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