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An early system of U.S. penology in which inmates were kept in solitary cells so that they could study religious writings, reflect on their misdeeds, and perform handicraft work was the Pennsylvania system
What is Pennsylvania system?
- The Pennsylvania system used in Pennsylvania is predicated on the idea that isolation produces repentance and promotes reformation. The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, whose most active members were Quakers, supported the concept. This so-called separate philosophy was used at the Eastern State Penitentiary on Cherry Hill in Philadelphia in 1829.
- In cells measuring 16 feet high, nearly 12 feet long, and 7.5 feet broad, inmates were housed in solitary confinement (4.9 by 3.7 by 2.3 m). Each cell had an adjacent exercise yard that was totally fenced to avoid contact between inmates. Only institution staff members and a rare visitor were visible to the prisoners. However, solitary penitence was soon changed to include doing tasks like producing shoes or weaving.
What is Penology?
- Penology, sometimes referred to as Penal Science, is the area of criminology that focuses on how society views and acts to combat criminal activity.
- Penology has historically and, for the most part, still refers to the practice of punishing offenders as a result of their wrongdoing; however, it may be reasonably extended to cover other practices, which are not punitive in nature, such as probation, medical treatment, and education, aimed at the cure or rehabilitation of the offender; and this is, in fact, the accepted present sense of the term.
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