The way to calculate an NPV Spreadsheet using the NPV Function are:
This refers to the excel function that is used to calculate the net present value and the discount rates for cash flows.
Hence, we can see that given that you have the discount factor, the annual operating costs, and annual benefits, you would then need to add the present value of all +ve cash flows and subtract the present value of all -ve cash flows.
Read more about discount factors here:
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