The cations and anions can be identified using cataloged reactions schemes. For instance, the copper II ion can be identified by reaction with sodium hydroxide.
The sodium cation is easily identified by flame test. sodium imparts a yellow color to a flame. The chloride ion is identified by the use of a mixture of HNO3/AgNO3 solution. The color of the precipitate shows which halide ion is present. A white precipitate indicates the presence of the chloride ion.
The potassium cation is also identified by flame test. The ion imparts a lilac color to flame. Addition of acidified FeSO4 solution is used to confirm the presence of the nitrate ion. Formation of a brown ring is a positive test for the nitrate ion.
For CuSO4, the presence of copper II ion can be confirmed using dilute NaOH. If a light blue precipitate is formed which dissolves in excess NaOH then the copper II ion is confirmed. The presence of the sulfate ion is confirmed using a solution of barium nitrate and dilute nitric acid. Formation of a white precipitate is a positive test for the sulfate ion.
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