Question

PART IV: Rewrite the following passive paragraph in active (10%)
Rockets were invented by the Chinese about A.D. 1000. Gunpowder was packed into bamboo
tubes and ignited by means of a fuse. These rockets were fired by soldiers at enemy armies and
usually caused panic. In thirteenth-century England an improved form of gunpowder was
introduced by Roger Bacon. As a result, rockets were used in battles and were a common-
although unreliable-weapon. In the early eighteenth century a twenty-pound rocket that
traveled almost two miles was constructed by William Congreve, an English artillery expert, By
the late nineteenth century thought was given to supersonic speeds by the physicist Ernst Mach.
The sonic boom was predicted by him. The first liquid-fuel rocket was launched by the American
Robert Goddard in 1926. A pamphlet written by him anticipated almost all future rocket
developments. As a result of his pioneering work, he is called the father of modem rocketry.
Answer:​

Answer 1

Answer:

The Chinese invented rockets about A.D. 1000. They packed gunpowder into bamboo tubes and ignited it by means of a fuse. Soldiers fired these rockets, which usually caused panic, at enemy armies. In thirteenth-century England, Roger Bacon introduced an improved form of gunpowder. As a result, soldiers used rockets, which were a common -  although unreliable - weapon, in battles. In the early eighteenth century, William Congreve, an English artillery expert, constructed a twenty-pound rocket that traveled almost two miles.  By the late nineteenth century, physicist Ernst Mach gave thought to supersonic speeds. He predicted the sonic boom. The American  Robert Goddard launched the first liquid-fuel rocket in 1926. A pamphlet he wrote anticipated almost all future rocket developments. As a result of his pioneering work, we call him the father of modem rocketry.

Explanation:

There are two grammatical voices in the English language:

• Active voice - the sentence has a subject that acts upon its verb, e.g. John is reading a book.
• Passive voice - the subject of the sentence is the recipient of a verb’s action, e.g. The book is being read by John.

The passive voice is usually recognized by the use of the construction by + the agent (the one who performs an action, e.g. by John). When we want to change a passive-voice sentence to active voice, we need to find the agent in the by + agent phrase or, if this phrase is omitted, consider carefully who or what is performing the action expressed in the verb. Then, we need to make that agent the subject of the sentence and change the verb accordingly.  

Answer 2

The passive paragraph in the question can be rewritten in the active voice as follows:

- The Chinese invented the rocket about A.D. 1000. They packed gunpowder into bamboo tubes and ignited it by means of a fuse.

- Soldiers fired these rockets at enemy armies usually caused panic.

- In thirteenth-century England, Roger Bacon introduced an improved form of gunpowder. As a result, people used rockets in battles, and rockets were a common - although unreliable - weapon.

- In the early eighteenth century William Congreve, an English artillery expert, constructed a twenty-pound rocket that traveled almost two miles.

- By the late nineteenth century physicist Ernst Mach gave thought to supersonic speeds.

- American Robert Goddard launched the first liquid-fuel rocket in 1926. He wrote a pamphlet which anticipated almost all future rocket developments.

- As a result of his pioneering work, we call him the father of modern rocketry.

• The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the receiver of an action rather than its performer.

• The structure of the passive voice is as follows:

Subject + to be + main verb in the participle + by + agent

• Example: The warm soup was served immediately to the hundreds of homeless people by the volunteers.

• The active voice is used when we want to emphasize the performer of the action.

• While the subject is the receiver in the passive voice, in the active voice it is the performer.

• The structure of the active voice is:

Subject + main verb + object

• Example: The volunteers served the warm soup immediately to the hundreds of homeless people.

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