Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The z-score is defined
[tex]Z=\frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]
Where [tex]\mu[/tex] is the mean, [tex]\sigma[/tex] is the standard deviation and [tex]x[/tex] the data value.
In this case, we have
[tex]x=8\\\mu = 45\\\sigma=12[/tex]
Replacing values, we have
[tex]Z=\frac{8-45}{12}=\frac{-37}{12} \approx -3.08[/tex]
Therefore, the z-score is -3.08, approximately.