Answer:
First, Second, Second-to-last, and last choice
Explanation:
Chemistry student. The other options are incorrect. If you would like a more thorough explanation, please reply to this comment.
pH according to Arrhenius definition is the measure of hydrogen ion concentration in solution:
[tex]pH=-log[H^{+}][/tex] Acids release H+ ions into solution, while bases release OH- ions into solution. This explains why second-to-last choice is correct.
Litmus paper are thin strips of paper that have been manufactured with indicators, examples being red cabbage or phenolphthalein. Indicators react to changes in pH with an according color change. This explains why the last choice is also correct.
Acid strength is better the lower the number it is, hence why pH 2 is stronger acid than 5, but in turn is a weaker base. This explains why second choice is correct.
The first option can be explained by the pH diagram. HCl is acidic, and will turn blue (basic) litmus paper more acidic, and move towards an acidic pH, hence more "red."
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