Answer:
a. continuous improvement
Explanation:
This is the ideal explanation of continuous improvement or (KAIZEN). The ideology of continuous improvement was brought forward by the JAPANEESE philosophy of KAIZEN, which means continuous improvement which is also a momentous aspect of total quality management (TQM). According to this philosophy businesses need not only bring strategic improvements and/or changes but must build a culture of continuous improvement of each and every aspect of a business. And such a culture must come from the top of the management.
Through continuous improvement a business can make significant cost reductions. For example through training the workforce, the efficiency and quality of work can be improved, similarly, through continuous value engineering (identification of valuing adding features and/or activities and eliminating non-value adding features and activities) one can achieve significant cost advantages in the long-run.