What type of technology can add geographical identification data to media such as digital photos taken on a mobile device?

The type of technology used is Geotagging which refers to the process of adding geographical identification metadata to various types of media such as geotagged photograph or videos, websites, SMS Messages, QR Codes or RSS Feeds and is a form of geospatial metadata.

This data usually consists of latitude and longitude coordinates, though they can also include altitude, bearing, distance, accuracy data, and place names, and perhaps a time stamp. Geotagging can help users to find a wide variety of location-specific information from a given mobile device.

For instance, someone can find images taken near a given location by entering latitude and longitude coordinates into a suitable image search engine. Geotagging-enabled information services can also potentially be used to find location-based news, websites, or other resources

Geotagging can tell users the location of the content of a given picture or other media or the point of view, and conversely on some media platforms show media relevant to a given location.