The answer is 0.62g.
Solution:
From year 1960 to year 2030, it has been
2030-1960 = 70 years
The half-life of the radioactive element is 28 years, then the sample will go through
70 years * (1 half-life/28 years) = 2.5 half-lives
Starting with a 3.5 gram sample, we will have
3.5*(1/2) after one half-life passes
3.5*(1/2) * (1/2) = 3.5*(1/4) after two half-lives pass
3.5*(1/4) * (1/2) = 3.5*(1/8) after three half-lives pass and so on
Therefore, we can write the remaining amount of the sample after the number n of half-lives have passed as
mass of sample = initial mass of sample/2^n
The mass of the remaining sample for n = 2.5half-lives can be now calculated as
mass of sample = 3.5 grams / 2^2.5 = 0.62 g
