A population is not evolving when it is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, and allele frequencies will not change over time.
What is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if no disturbing factors exist, genetic variation in a population will remain stable from one generation to the next.
Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is 1.
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
p² = dominant homozygous frequency (AA)
2pq = heterozygous frequency (Aa)
q² = recessive homozygous frequency (aa)
Five factors affect Hardy Weinberg equilibrium:
- Gene migration or gene flow: The transfer of genetic material from one population to another. When gene migration takes place multiple times it is known as gene flow.
- Genetic drift: When gene migration occurs by chance.
- Mutation: the alteration of a single base unit in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger parts of genes or chromosomes, which changes the structure of a gene and produces a variant form that may be passed down to future generations.
- Genetic recombination: When chromosomes or chromosome fragments are broken and then rejoined, DNA sequences are rearranged through a process known as genetic recombination.
- Natural selection: The process through which populations of living things adapt and change is known as natural selection.
Learn more about Hardy Weinberg's principle here:
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