Question

35 POINTS - 3 QUESTIONS

The diagram below represents a plant cell with three structures labeled X, Y, and Z. Plant cells and fungal cells have many of the same types of organelles. Structures X and Y are found in both plant cells and fungal cells. Structure Z is found in plant cells, but not in fungal cells.

(A) Identify structure Y and describe its main function.

(B) Identify structure Z and explain how plants use this structure to survive.

(C) Explain how fungi can survive without structure Z.

Answer 1

(A) The structure is the cell wall. The cell wall protects the cell from damage. It is also there to make the cell strong, to keep its shape.

(B) Structure Z is a chloroplast. Chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the Sun and turn it in to sugars that can be used by the cells. This process is also called photosynthesis.

(C) Since chloroplasts create sugar for a plant cell, fungi has mitochondria. Fungi uses mitochondria which create ATP (also know as Adenosine Triphosphate) which is energy. Therefore, fungi doesn’t need chloroplasts.

Answer 2

X is the cell wall, Y is the cell membrane and Z is the mitochondria.

Structure X is the cell wall of the cell which is also known as boundary wall. Its main function is to provide strength to the cell and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.

Structure Y is the cell membrane which is the second last boundary of the plant cell. Its main function as barriers and gatekeepers. They are semi-permeable which means it has small holes that allows small molecules to diffuse in and out of the cell.

Structure Z refers to mitochondria which is also called powerhouse of the cell. Its main function is to generate energy in the form of ATP from breakdown of glucose molecule in the presence of oxygen so we can conclude that the label structures are cell wall, cell membrane and mitochondria.

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