Question

Propose an explanation for why operons evolved in prokaryotes. what advantage do organisms have when they group genes together with a regulatory system?

Answer 1

Operons afford the organism the opportunity to simultaneously regulate transcription of multiple genes, whose products are active in the same process.  Operons lead to the synthesis of groups of functionally related enzymes, usually from a single mRNA transcript hence makes regulation of the genes highly efficient.

Answer 2

Prokaryotes have evolved operons as it allows simultaneous expression of genes that code for functionally related proteins according to the requirement of the cell. The group of genes is transcribed together under a single regulatory system.

Further Explanation:

Prokaryotic gene regulation is controlled at the transcription level. In prokaryotes, genes are arranged into operons where multiple genes are regulated as a single transcription unit under one promoter sequence. All the genes organized into operon are associated with a similar metabolic pathway. Prokaryotes regulate their gene expression in response to their outer environment. Genes are arranged into operon and transcribed as a single unit, whereas splicing is not related to the prokaryotic genome.

 

Prokaryotic gene regulation depends on its external environment. Multiple genes of eukaryotes are regulated as a single transcription unit when all the genes have the same promoter site and translated into a one protein chain. This combination of gene regulation provides great flexibility to the cell so that the cell can respond to many signals and integrate them.

 

For example, three genes of Lac operon are transcribed under a single regulatory system. In the availability of lactose, the repressor molecule will bind to inducer (allolactose), which prevents binding of the repressor to DNA, which results in the transcription of a gene. Tryptophan operon encodes the enzymes that are necessary for tryptophan synthesis.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Molecular Biology

Keywords:

Prokaryotes, eukaryotes, multiple gene, metabolic pathway, growth, expression, specific function, operons, protein, environment, regulat.