Question

In peas, green pods (g) are dominant over yellow pods. if a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant, what will be the phenotype of the f 1 generation? if two plants from the f 1 generation are crossed, what will the phenotype of their offspring be?

Answer 1

Based on the assumptions above, the Parental generation will have a genotype of GG and gg. This means the f1 generation will have a heterozygous genotype. In a Punnet square it will look like this:
     G     G
g  Gg    Gg
g  Gg    Gg

The phenotype of the F1 generation then will be Green. This is because the dominant trait or G will be expressed in a Gg combination. In other words, as long as there is a capital letter in the Genotype combination, the trait represented by the capital letter will be expressed.  

Now if you have two plants from the F1 generation crossed, some variety will appear. Taking the genotype of the two plants in that generation, Gg, we can construct another Punnet square to see the result:

      G     g
G  GG  Gg
g   Gg   gg

The phenotype will then be the following:
3 out of 4 off springs will be phenotype green.
1 out of 4 off springs will be phenotype yellow

In other words, there is a 75% chance of having a green off spring and a 25% chance of having a yellow off spring.

Answer 2

The phenotype of the f1 generation will be peas with green pods.

If we cross two plants from the f1 generation, the phenotype of their offspring will be 75% peas with green pods and 25% of peas with yellow pods.

If green pods are dominant (G) over yellow pods (g), we know that when we cross them, the resulting peas will be green. We can see this with a Punnet square.

GG x gg

G G

g Gg Gg

g Gg Gg

We can see that the dominant gene (G) hides the recessive one (g), so the gene that this generation will express is the green one.

What is a phenotype?

A phenotype is a characteristic that the gene gives that we can see. In this case, the phenotype is peas with green pods.

What would be the phenotype of f2?

If we cross two peas from the f1 generation, we are crossing two plants with Gg genes; to know the phenotype of these offsprings, we should do a Punnet Square

Gg X Gg

    G    g

G  GG Gg

g  Gg gg

In this case, we can see that 3 of the offspring will have Green pods and one yellow pod. If we do a percentage, we know that:

4 offsprings------ 100%

3 offsprings------X= 75%

4 offsprings------ 100%

1 offspring ------X= 25%

In conclusion, the offspring's phenotype will be:

• 75% peas with green pods
• 25% peas with yellow pods.

You can read more about phenotypes here:

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