Question

A change in the sequence of bases in is called a mutation. 2. a change in a single nucleotide in dna is
a. 3. chromosomal alterations are mutations that change structure. 4. a silent point mutation codes for the same . 5. mutations are essential for to occur because they increase genetic variation. 6. neutral mutations have effect on the organism. 7. a mutation is a deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides that changes the reading frame of the base sequence. 8. mutations can be transmitted to offspring. 9. a disorder is a disease caused by a mutation in one or a few genes. 10. is a disease in which cells grow out of control. 11. mutations have a positive effect on the organism in which they occur. 12. smoke contains dozens of mutagenic chemicals.

Answer 1

May I just clarify that you're asking if each statement is true or false?
If so,

1. True
2. A change in a single nucleotide in DNA is a substitution mutation. True.
3. Chromosomal aberrations are mutations that change the structure of chromosomes. True.
5. My guess is "Mutations are essential for natural selection/evolution to occur because they increase genetic variation.
6. False. True statement: Neutral mutations have no effect on the organism, since the the mutation results in the same polypeptide and the same protein type and structure being formed.
7. False. A mutation may be substitution or chromosomal aberration as well.
8. True. Mutations from parental cells and gametes can be passed on to offspring through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction (during fertilisation).
9. True
10. Cancer is a disease in which cells grow out of control. True.
11. False. Mutations may have negative effects as well.
12. True, if referring to cigarette smoke.

Hope this helps! :)