if you are describing transformations with respect to the graph of f(x) = x:
f(x) = x has no transformation
g(x) = (x+2) - 3 is the graph of f(x) translated 2 units left and 3 units down
2(h(x) = x-1) is the graph of f(x) vertically expanded by a factor of 2 and then translated 1 unit right
d(x) = 1/2x + 2 is the graph of f(x) vertically compressed by a factor of 1/2 and then translated 2 units up
