The short-term is of the carbon cycle is interactions between the terrestrial and marine components of the biosphere and the atmosphere. The long-term of the carbon cycle is the formation and destruction of fossil fuels and sediments containing organic carbon.
The carbon cycle is nature's method of recycling carbon atoms, which repeatedly go from the atmosphere into Earth's living things and back into it.
The majority of carbon is kept in rocks and sediments; the remainder is kept in the ocean, atmosphere, and living things. The carbon cycle is the regulation of carbon from one form to another.
Thus, the short and long terms of the carbon cycle are the formation of natural components by the means of the natural processes with the presence of carbon.
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