well, the cereal cost 2.5, and the store is selling for 3.5, so is 1 buck more.
if we take 2.5 to be the 100%, what is 1 off of it in percentage?
[tex]\bf \begin{array}{ccll}
amount&\%\\
\text{\textemdash\textemdash\textemdash}&\text{\textemdash\textemdash\textemdash}\\
2.5&100\\
1&p
\end{array}\implies \cfrac{2.5}{1}=\cfrac{100}{p}\implies p=\cfrac{1\cdot 100}{2.5}\implies p=\stackrel{\%}{40}[/tex]