Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2:1. Due to the large electronegativity differences between oxygen and hydrogen, water is a polar molecule. The molecule has a high heat capacity.
Water is a covalent molecule which has a high degree of polarity due to the large electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen.
Recall that a large electronegativity difference between two atoms in a bond leads to bond polarity.
These polar molecules are involved in a special type of dipole - dipole interaction called hydrogen bonding which increases the cohesion between the molecules. Hydrogen bonds are strong and account for the high melting and boiling points of water compared to other hydrides but hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds.
Water has a high heat capacity of about 4.186 J/g°C and this is why it is often used as a coolant.
In summary, the true and false statements are;
1. water is a polar molecule ------ True
2. hydrogen bonds are an example of adhesion ------ False
3. covalent bonds give water a low heat capacity ------ False
4. A hydrogen bond is stronger than a covalent bond ----- False
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