The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was drafted by the UN after World War II. It described the treatment that war prisoners should receive at the least. I'm not entirely sure on the next question but I think it is jus sanguinis, and I am not sure because there is an extra cause to this that states that the place of birth does not matter either, yet it is missing. But either way the answers that most closely match these questions is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Jus Sanguinis
