Potential energy at the top = (mass) x (gravity) x (height)
= (40 kg) x (9.8 m/s²) x (12 m)
= 4,704 Joules
Kinetic energy at the bottom = 1/2 (mass) x (speed)²
= 1/2 (40 kg) x (10 m/s)²
= 2,000 Joules .
Energy lost between the top and the bottom
(4,704 joules) - (2,000 joules)
= 2,704 Joules