Question

Define variables and write each phrase as an algebraic expression for ten more than Ruben

Answer 1

This is awfully general.  Ruben has or does something.  Whatever.  Let's call that Whatever "r."  Then the expression in question is  "r+10."

Answer 2

Variables are those unknowns which could have more than one value, and Algebraic expression is an expression that contains numbers, variables(EX, x and y) and Operations (EX,-, +).