Question

a molecule must be nonpolar if the molecule
1. is liner
2. is neutral
3. has ionic and convalent bonding
4. has a symmetrical charge distribution

Answer 1

4. A molecule must be nonpolar if the molecule has a symmetrical charge distribution.

Hope this helps!

Answer 2

A molecule must be nonpolar if the molecule $\boxed{{\text{4}}{\text{. has a symmetrical charge distribution}}}$.

Further Explanation:

The bond that is responsible for the formation of various chemical compounds is known as chemical bond. It results from the attraction between atoms, molecules or ions. It is formed either due to electrostatic forces or by the sharing of electrons.

Electronegativity difference and symmetry are the factors that govern the polarity of the bond. Electrons get attracted towards more electronegative atom so it acquires negative charge on itself and the less electronegative atom is left with positive charge. But if symmetry is present in the molecule, it will be non-polar, even after the presence of electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms.

1. It is not mandatory for a linear molecule to be nonpolar. For example, HCl is a linear molecule but Cl is more electronegative than H so this bond is polar. Therefore this option is incorrect.

2. It Is not required that every neutral molecule ahs to be nonpolar. For example, ${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$ is a neutral molecule but the electronegativity of O is more than that of H so it is polar. Therefore this option is incorrect.

3. Ionic bonding is formed by transfer of electrons and covalent bonding occurs by mutual sharing of electrons. NaCl is an ionic compound and it is polar due to presence of ${\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }$ and ${\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }$ ions in it. ${\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}$ is a covalent compound but it is also polar due to electronegativity difference. Therefore this option is incorrect.

4. If the molecule has symmetrical charge distribution then dipole moments of atoms will get cancelled out by each other and the resultant dipole moment becomes zero. For example ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}$ is a symmetrical molecule and is nonpolar. Therefore this option is correct.

Learn more:

1. Identification of ionic bonding: https://brainly.com/question/1603987
2. Which is a covalent compound? https://brainly.com/question/2083444  

Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Ionic and covalent compounds

Keywords: polar, nonpolar, NH3, CO2, H2O, HCl, electronegativity difference, symmetry, bond polarity, positive, negative, symmetrical charge distribution, molecule.