Focusing on self-preservation is not a characteristic of an effective leader.
An effective leader is one who takes care of everyone in the team. He/she is also responsible for everyone in the team, helping them in whatever way they need help.
- A leader, as the term suggests, is one who leads a team or a group of people.
- He/she is responsible not only for the safety of the people but also ensure they get the help in whatever ways they need.
- An effective leader looks out for the interest of everyone on the team, and not only some particular individual(s).
- He/she is committed to sacrifice for others, serve them, and even help them learn things.
- For a leader, there is no "I", meaning there is no focus on self.
- Rather, the focus is on the team as a whole and not some individualized interest.
But most of all, what an effective leader is not is the desire for self-preservation. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Learn more about "effective leadership" here:
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