the students who took History were 20, while there were 32 Geometry students, how many more Geometry students? well 32 - 20, just 12 more.
now, if we take 20 to be the 100%, how much is 12 off of it in percentage?
[tex]\bf \begin{array}{ccll}
amount&\%\\
\text{\textemdash\textemdash\textemdash}&\text{\textemdash\textemdash\textemdash}\\
20&100\\
12&p
\end{array}\implies \cfrac{20}{12}=\cfrac{100}{p}\implies p=\cfrac{12\cdot 100}{20}[/tex]