The religious and secular leaders in the middle ages contest in investing Bishops Option(c) is correct.
Who are Secular leaders?
Secular leaders are known to be as that leaders which they are not a clergyman or generally the professional person.
The Investiture Conflict actually developed out of the desire of the rulers in the Europe for expanding their authority by making original Church dependent officials more of the impact of rising the power of the state but considering the expense of Church actual power.
Therefore Option(c) is correct.
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