Question

Jason adds the antibiotic penicillin to a bacterial culture. The bacteria develop genetic modifications in their genome, which gives them resistance to the antibiotic penicillin. What caused this genetic modification?

mutations to the DNA sequence

normal gene regulation

operon gene induction

RNA interference

Answer 1

The correct option is A.
The use of antibacterial drugs can cause modifications in the genetic material of the concerned bacteria. If the genetic material of the bacteria are modify, that means they have undergone mutation. Because the base sequence of the normal and that of the mutated gene is different, antibiotic will not be able to recognize the bacteria again and thus will not be able to attack it. 

Answer 2

Answer:

The correct answer is- mutation to the DNA sequence

Explanation:

A change in the DNA sequence by base-pair addition, deletion or substitution or by any other way bring mutation in the DNA. In bacteria, random mutation occurs in their DNA sequence which can change the codon sequence and results in coding for some enzymes or protein that deplete the effect of antibiotics on them which provide antibiotic resistance to the them.  

So by doing mutation in their DNA sequence bacteria can gain antibiotic resistance or the bacteria which already have the appropriate mutation in their DNA will be selected by natural selection and other bacteria will die due to antibiotic effect.  

Therefore genetic modification is caused by mutation in the genetic sequence.