Balanced chemical reaction of the decomposition of iron(III) chlorate:
2Fe(ClO3)3 → 2FeCl3 + 9O2.
According to principle of mass conservation, number of atoms must be equal on both side of chemical reaction.
There are two iron atoms, six chlorine atoms and eighteen oxygen atoms on both side of balanced chemical reaction.
Decomposition is reaction where one substance (in this example iron(III) chlorate) is broken down into two or more simpler substances (iron(III) chloride and oxygen).