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This means that we shouldn't imagine electrons as single objects going around the atom. Instead, all we know is the probability of finding an electron at a particular location. What we end up with is something called an electron cloud. An electron cloud is an area of space in which an electron is likely to be found. It's like a 3-D graph showing the probability of finding the electron at each location in space. Quantum mechanics also tells us that a particle has certain numbers (called quantum numbers) that represent its properties. Just like how materials can be hard or soft, shiny or dull, particles have numbers to describe the properties. These include a particle's orbital quantum numbers, magnetic quantum number, and its spin. No two electrons in an atom can have exactly the same quantum numbers. Orbital quantum numbers tell you what energy level the electron is in. In the Bohr model, this represents how high the orbit is above the nucleus; higher orbits have more energy. The first orbit is n=1, the second is n=2, and so on. The magnetic quantum number is just a number that represents which direction the electron is pointing. The other important quantum mechanical property, called spin, is related to the fact that electrons come in pairs. In each pair, one electron spins one way (with a spin of one half), and the other electron spins the other way (with a spin of negative one half). Two electrons with the same spin cannot exist as a pair. This might seem kind of random, but it has effects in terms of how magnetic material is. Materials that have unpaired electrons are more likely to be magnetic
The quantum mechanical model of the atom is described in the following manner:
- It indicates that we should just not think of electrons as discrete particles circling the atom. Instead, we only know the chance to find an electron inside a specific spot.
- The result is a phenomenon is known as an outer electron, that cloud is a sphere where an electron is likely to be detected.
- It's similar to a 3-D graph that shows the probability of obtaining the particle in each location in space.
- Quantum mechanics further teaches us that a particle possesses a set of numbers that describe its properties (called quantum variables).
- Nanoparticles, unlike materials, contain values that describe their qualities, such as how soft or hard they are, what shining or dull they comprise a subatomic particle orbital principal quantum, spin quantum number, and spin.
- Neither two-atom may have the same quantum number, and the Orbital quantum statistics suggest the overall energy level of the electron.
- The Bohr model shows how high the orbit is above the nucleus; larger orbits have more energy.
- The very first orbit has n=1, the second has n=2, and so on. A magnet number of neutrons is simply a number that specifies what direction the particle is pointing.
- Some other crucial subatomic property, called spin, is attributed to the fact that electrons travel as pairs.
- For each pair, the spin of one electron inside one direction (with such a spinning of one half), and the other electron spins in a reverse way (with a spin of negative one half).
- A valence electron with the same spin can exist as just a duo. It may also appear to be random, yet it affects how magnet the substance with delocalized electrons are more apt to be magnetized.
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