Answer:
The moral theory that can be summarized by the aim of action being the largest possible balance of pleasure over pain or the greatest happiness of the greatest number is:
1) **Utilitarianism**
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that focuses on the consequences of actions. It holds that the morally right action is the one that produces the greatest overall happiness or pleasure for the greatest number of people. This theory emphasizes the overall balance of pleasure over pain as the key measure of the ethical value of an action.
