After the northern provinces of the Netherlands gained independence from Spanish control during the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648), they formed the Dutch Republic, also known as the United Provinces or the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. The northern provinces became a sovereign state with a republican form of government, characterized by a decentralized political system and a strong emphasis on commerce, trade, and religious tolerance.
Under the leadership of the House of Orange-Nassau, particularly William the Silent (William of Orange) and his descendants, the Dutch Republic emerged as a major European power during the 17th century. It became known for its naval prowess, economic prosperity (often referred to as the Dutch Golden Age), and cultural achievements.
