Question

demonstrate a brief how the search to explain planetary orbits exemplifies the scientific method and then use of models

Answer 1

Your teacher is talking about spheres of the earth system. Spheres of influence which effect one another. She probably means earth ecology etc. The answer depends on her definition of the spheres of the earth. You need to know those three sphere definitions before you can answer the question. 

Planetary orbit system theories include heliocentric and geocentric theories. Heliocentric theory says the sun is the center of our solar system. Geocentric theory says the earth is the center of our solar system. One aspect of the scientific method is the necessity to suspend judgment in order to entertain the possibility of other answers. This helps us to reduce and minimize the effect of prejudice and emotion as we try to be as logical as possible in our fact gathering. Although we all see the sun rise and fall every day and it appears the earth is flat, it was not until we could suspend judgment and consider other possibilities that we could become more enlightened about the larger picture which includes other planets, the solar system, the galaxy, and the universe. Although it appears the sun orbits the earth, now we know that we orbit the sun. Waxing and waning of moons and planets provide clues to the sun as the center of our solar system and not the earth. 

The moon was excised from the earth in a relatively gentle event involving a chain of meteors perforating our ancient equator. The moon then left the earth and succumbed to gravitational influence of the earth so that its one side always faces us as the earth revolves. There was very little angular momentum imparted to the moon when it was created so it left no debris field or ring around the earth and it "locked into phase" with the earth so it does not rotate relative to the earth. The gentleness of the moon's creation also explains why it has no iron from the earths core in it.

Answer 2

Answer:

Everyone assumed the planets were perfect circles until Newton came up with an idea. Slowly people would make maps of the orbits that added circles on circles, and they could never really explain about the movement of the planet. They simply say that planets move on circles but they lacked the math to explain or prove it. Then Newton came up with an idea of inventing calculus so that we could understood and calculated planetary orbits and their accuracy.

Firstly people used their observations and say that the orbits looked like circles, then they developed their models and did the math, and proposed their hypothesizes which were wrong, until Newton came along and tried to match a model that used elliptical orbits and invented the math that allowed him to make predictions with it. His model worked for most planets.

However he could not explain about the planet Mercury for instance since it was a very strange orbit. Then after the Einstein's theory of General Relativity he could also explain very deeply about it.

Scientists and Astronomers made hypothesizes that there was another planet orbiting too close to the sun to see with telescopes, called Vulcan, that explained mercury's orbit before Einstein's theory. Then long after we had telescopes which was good enough to see if there was a planet orbiting closer to the sun than mercury.  

Explanation: