Electronegativity Difference: Hydrogen bonds typically form between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. The large electronegativity difference creates a significant dipole moment, enhancing the strength of the bond.
Small Size of Hydrogen: Hydrogen is a small atom, allowing it to approach other atoms closely. This close proximity contributes to the strength of the hydrogen bond.
Small, Strong Hydrogen Bonding Angle: The hydrogen bond involves a hydrogen atom situated between two electronegative atoms. The resulting bond angle is often small but strong, contributing to the stability of the bond.
