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Albert Einstein was a renowned theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (the other being quantum mechanics). He was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire. Einstein's contributions to physics revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Einstein passed away on April 18, 1955, in Princeton, New Jersey, USA.