Answer:
Explanation:
The functional segment of DNA is called a gene. Genes are specific sequences of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins. Proteins are essential for carrying out various functions in the body, such as regulating chemical reactions, building and repairing tissues, and controlling the body's growth and development.
Each gene consists of a specific sequence of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. The nucleotides are arranged in a specific order, and this order determines the sequence of amino acids that will be used to build a particular protein.
To give you an example, let's consider the gene responsible for determining eye color in humans. This gene contains the instructions for producing a protein called melanin, which gives color to our eyes. The specific sequence of nucleotides in this gene determines whether a person will have blue, brown, or green eyes.
In summary, genes are the functional segments of DNA that carry the instructions for making proteins. They play a crucial role in determining various traits and characteristics in living organisms.
