Answer:
The focus of polytheistic religion differed from that of animism in ancient urban societies in several ways:
1. Number of Deities: Polytheistic religions involved the worship of multiple gods and goddesses, each with their own specific roles and powers. In contrast, animism focused on the belief that spirits inhabited natural objects, such as trees, rocks, and rivers.
2. Hierarchy of Deities: Polytheistic religions often had a hierarchical structure, with major gods or goddesses occupying higher positions of power and authority. These deities were associated with specific domains, such as fertility, war, or wisdom. In animism, spirits were seen as more equal and interconnected, with no single deity holding supreme power.
3. Rituals and Offerings: Polytheistic religions typically involved elaborate rituals and offerings to appease and honor the various gods and goddesses. These rituals could include sacrifices, prayers, festivals, and the construction of temples or shrines. Animism, on the other hand, often emphasized a more personal and informal relationship with spirits, with offerings and rituals taking place in natural settings like sacred groves or individual homes.
4. Urban Influence: In ancient urban societies, the emergence of cities and complex social structures led to the development of more organized and institutionalized forms of religion. Polytheistic religions were often associated with urban centers and involved specialized religious roles, such as priests and priestesses. Animism, on the other hand, was more commonly practiced in rural or nomadic societies, where individuals had a more direct and immediate connection with the natural world.
Overall, the focus of polytheistic religion in ancient urban societies revolved around a pantheon of gods and goddesses, elaborate rituals, and hierarchical structures. In contrast, animism focused on the belief in spirits inhabiting natural objects, emphasizing a more personal and interconnected relationship with the natural world.
