The bacterial cell membrane can be targeted for killing it. Inhibition of the synthesis of the components of cell wall will not allow the bacteria to grow.
The genetic material of the bacteria- DNA can be targeted. When DNA is cleaved, or damaged, then the bacteria will die.
The cellular components of the bacteria may be targeted. If a organelle, or a component is responsible for production or transport of proteins, and it is targeted by anti-bacterial compound, then protein synthesis machinery of bacteria will stop working, and it will not be able to perform a number of functions, and eventually die.
