Question

This picture shows normal blood cells, which are round, and sickle cells, which appear much longer. People with sickle cells suffer from sickle cell anemia, which is an inherited disease. It is caused by a change in a gene responsible for production of hemoglobin. This type of change is known as a(n)

Answer 1

Answer: The correct answer is-

Mutation.

Mutation can be described as the permanent change in the genetic material ( DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid) of living organisms.

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that is caused by mutation in the gene for beta globin chain ( that is component of oxygen carrying molecule, hemoglobin) that leads to replacement of glutamic acid by valine at the sixth position. This results in abnormal hemoglobin ( sickle shaped) that affects the transport of oxygen throughout body.

Answer 2

Due to point mutation normal blood cell is converted into sickle cell.

Further Explanation:

Genetic mutations are the core of evolutionary history. The process of evolution initiated with the changes that occurred in the genetic composition and passed on to the different populations.Mutations are sudden inheritable changes that occur in the genetic composition of an individual. Mutation does not depend on time. These are random changes that can occur in any phase of evolution. Mutations are responsible for changes that occur in the genetic composition. These changes may or may not be successful. The mutant genes have lost or acquired some functions during the process. The process of mutation does not assure that the mutant genes produced will be better than the previous one.  

The normal blood cell is converted into the sickle cell due to base substitution mutation, which is a type of point mutation. When the substitution of base occurs and alters the sequence of amino acid in a protein is referred to as a missense mutation. In this base pair, adenine changes to thymine in the gene sequence, which causes a change in the arrangement of amino acid in the polypeptide chain from glutamine (GAG) to valine (GTG).

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: Mutation

Keywords:

Mutation, mutant, gene, valine, glutamine, inheritable, genetic composition, passed, random, substitution, base, adenine, thymine.