The new theory of addiction differs from the old theory by recognizing addiction as a complex condition influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors, rather than simply a moral failing or lack of willpower. The new theory acknowledges the role of changes in the brain's reward system and the impact of genetic predispositions, neurochemical imbalances, and environmental factors in the development and progression of addiction.
Drugs are different from natural reinforcers in that they often produce intense and immediate effects on the brain's reward system, leading to a rapid release of neurotransmitters like dopamine. This can create an intense euphoric experience that is difficult to replicate naturally. In contrast, natural reinforcers, such as food, water, and social interactions, activate the brain's reward system in a more balanced and self-regulating manner. Prolonged drug use can disrupt the brain's reward circuitry, leading to tolerance, dependence, and addiction, setting drugs apart from natural reinforcers.
