The correct answer is c. encoding. The process of encoding involves modifying information or converting it into a form that can be stored in memory. It prepares the information to be stored and retrieved later when needed.
Encoding can involve various mental processes, such as organizing information, associating it with existing knowledge, or transforming it into a specific format that is more easily retained and recalled. Storing refers to the act of actually retaining the encoded information in memory, while memorizing generally refers to the intentional effort of committing information to memory. Programming, on the other hand, typically refers to the process of creating computer programs or instructions.
